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Explore Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets
Unlock the most potent naturally derived kratom alkaloid in pharmaceutical-grade precision with Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl tablets. Each tablet delivers an exact dose of ultra-high-purity mitragynine pseudoindoxyl — a rearranged, oxidized metabolite of mitragynine that exhibits extreme μ-opioid receptor partial agonism with remarkable G-protein bias and minimal β-arrestin recruitment.
These tablets eliminate the extreme batch variability of raw kratom leaf and provide perfect reproducibility for advanced receptor binding studies, biased signaling research and pharmacokinetic profiling. Ideal for investigators studying next-generation opioid alternatives, tolerance mechanisms, or high-potency kratom metabolites in controlled laboratory environments.
🧪 What are Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets?
Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl tablets are pharmaceutical-grade, precision-dosed research tablets containing ultra-high-purity mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, the single most potent naturally occurring alkaloid identified in the kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa).
Key Facts for Researchers:
- Origin: Forms in trace amounts (<0.02 %) when mitragynine oxidizes and rearranges in aged or processed kratom leaf. It is also produced semi-synthetically from mitragynine for research purity.
- Potency: Up to 100–200 times more potent than morphine at the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) in rodent antinociception models, with a Ki ≈ 0.8–1.2 nM.
- Receptor profile: Strong G-protein-biased partial agonist at MOR, with significantly reduced β-arrestin-2 recruitment compared to traditional opioids — making it a gold-standard compound for studying biased agonism and potentially safer opioid-like signaling.
Intended strictly for research and analytical purposes only.
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Structurally Enhanced
Designed for superior receptor affinity and consistent performance.
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Enhanced Duration
Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets deliver significantly greater potency, improved metabolic stability, and standardized effects.
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Pharmaceutical Grade
Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets are the premier standard for advanced opioid receptor research and analytical applications.
📚 Learn More About Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl
🕐 Best Time to Use Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets
Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets – Optimized for Strategic Research Timing
Each precisely dosed Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl tablet is formulated to give researchers complete control over timing in laboratory protocols. Investigators can align administration with targeted experimental windows to capture maximum G-protein-biased μ-opioid receptor activation and peak antinociceptive responses while minimizing carry-over effects into downstream behavioral assessments, circadian modeling, or extended monitoring periods.
- Rapid, predictable onset (30–75 min) for time-critical assays
- Prolonged, stable receptor engagement (6–9+ hours) with minimal β-arrestin interference
- Clean clearance profile when dosed early in the light phase, preserving natural sleep-cycle endpoints and dark-phase behavioral baselines
Ideal for protocols demanding precise scheduling of ultra-potent, biased opioid signaling without compromising circadian or recovery-phase data integrity.
Strictly for Analytical and Research Use Only
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Morning (6-10 AM)
Administer 60–90 minutes after a light meal to maximize absorption and maintain consistent plasma levels throughout extended monitoring periods.
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Midday (11 AM-2 PM)
Perfectly suited for midday-to-evening experimental protocols requiring heightened receptor activity without disrupting sleep architecture or late-day behavioral endpoints.
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Avoid After 6 PM
The 4–6 hour active profile may influence sleep architecture and circadian endpoints if administered in the late afternoon or evening.
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Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets FAQs
Find clear, research-focused answers to the most common questions about Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets.
What is Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl and how is it different from regular kratom?
Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl (often abbreviated MPX or “pseudoindoxyl”) is the single most potent naturally occurring alkaloid found in the kratom plant (Mitragyna speciosa). It forms in trace amounts (typically <0.02 %) when mitragynine — the primary alkaloid in fresh kratom leaf — undergoes oxidation and molecular rearrangement, a process that happens naturally in aged, fermented, or heat-processed leaf.
| Feature | Regular Kratom Leaf/Powder | Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl (Isolated/Tablet Form) |
|---|---|---|
| Primary active compound | Mitragynine (30–70 % of total alkaloids) | Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl (≥99.5 % purity) |
| μ-Opioid potency | Mitragynine = very weak partial agonist | 100–200× morphine in rodent antinociception models |
| Receptor bias | Mixed, modest G-protein activity | Strong G-protein bias with dramatically reduced β-arrestin recruitment |
| Typical concentration in leaf | <0.02 % (often undetectable in fresh leaf) | 100 % active compound — no plant matrix variability |
| Consistency | Huge batch-to-batch variation | Pharmaceutical-grade, identical potency every tablet |
| Onset & duration | Gradual, 4–6 h total (whole-leaf profile) | Faster onset, 6–9+ h sustained effects |
| Primary research value | General botanical study | Gold-standard for biased-agonism, high-potency opioid, and forensic reference work |
In short: regular kratom is a complex plant material dominated by the relatively mild alkaloid mitragynine. Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl is an ultra-potent, naturally derived metabolite that exists only in tiny quantities in the plant — but when isolated and standardized into research tablets, it becomes the most powerful and reproducible kratom-derived μ-opioid agonist available to investigators.
How potent are Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets compared to traditional 7OH products?
Important Disclaimer: Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl tablets and 7-OH products are supplied strictly as laboratory reference standards for analytical and research purposes only—not for human or veterinary consumption, diagnostic, therapeutic, or dietary use. Potency comparisons below are derived from preclinical in vitro binding assays (e.g., radioligand displacement), functional efficacy studies (e.g., [³⁵S]GTPγS stimulation), and rodent antinociception models. No human clinical data exist as of November 30, 2025, due to the research-only status of these compounds. Always adhere to institutional ethical guidelines (e.g., IACUC) and include controls for variability in metabolism or receptor expression. Consult peer-reviewed sources for methodological details.
Binding Affinity (Ki Values at μ-Opioid Receptor – MOR)
MPX demonstrates significantly higher binding affinity to the MOR than 7-OH, meaning it binds more tightly and requires lower concentrations for receptor occupancy. Lower Ki values indicate stronger affinity:
| Compound | MOR Ki Value (nM) | Relative Affinity to 7-OH | Source Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl (MPX) | 0.087–0.8 | 10–17× higher | Cryo-EM structures and human MOR assays show MPX’s superior subpocket engagement for stable binding. |
| 7-Hydroxymitragynine (7-OH) | 9–13.5 | Baseline | Consistent across human/rat models; moderate affinity but lower than MPX. |
- Implication for Research: MPX’s enhanced affinity supports lower-dose protocols in binding displacement studies (e.g., using [³H]DAMGO radioligands), potentially reducing off-target effects in high-throughput screening.
Functional Efficacy (G-Protein Signaling and Agonism)
Both compounds are G-protein-biased partial agonists at MOR (favoring analgesia over β-arrestin-mediated side effects like respiratory depression), but MPX shows higher intrinsic efficacy in stimulating downstream signaling:
| Assay / Endpoint | MPX Efficacy (% vs. DAMGO Full Agonist) | 7-OH Efficacy (% vs. DAMGO) | Relative Potency (MPX:7-OH) |
|---|---|---|---|
| [³⁵S]GTPγS Binding (MOR Activation) | 32–41% | 46% | Comparable; MPX slightly lower but more biased. |
| cAMP Inhibition (MOR-Mediated) | High (Emax ~80–90% of morphine) | Moderate (Emax ~70%) | MPX 1.5–2× more efficient. |
| Guinea Pig Ileum Contraction Inhibition | 100× mitragynine; 20× morphine | 46× mitragynine; 13× morphine | MPX 2–5× higher than 7-OH. |
- Bias Profile: MPX exhibits stronger G-protein bias (reduced β-arrestin-2 recruitment), making it ideal for SAR studies on “safer” opioid signaling. 7-OH engages β-arrestin more, potentially amplifying tolerance in chronic models.
In Vivo Potency (Rodent Antinociception and Discrimination)
In tail-flick/hotplate assays and morphine-discrimination paradigms, MPX is more potent for producing MOR-like effects, with faster onset and longer duration due to metabolic stability:
| Model / Endpoint | MPX ED₅₀ (μmol/kg, i.p.) | 7-OH ED₅₀ (μmol/kg, i.p.) | Relative Potency (MPX:7-OH) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tail-Flick Antinociception | 0.47 | 0.66 | ~1.4× higher (MPX more potent). |
| Hotplate Antinociception (52°C) | Robust at 0.3–3 mg/kg | Robust at 17.8 mg/kg | 5–10× higher (dose-dependent). |
| Morphine Discrimination (% Drug-Lever Response) | 100% at low doses | 100% but higher threshold | MPX 1.5–2× more discriminative. |
- Duration: MPX effects last 6–9+ hours (t½ ~18–24 h), vs. 7-OH’s 2–4 hours, due to plasma stability and reduced CYP3A4 metabolism.
- Metabolic Context: 7-OH converts to MPX in human plasma (up to 20–30% yield), amplifying overall potency in vivo—explaining why MPX tablets may outperform pure 7-OH products in extended assays.
Overall Potency Summary
- MPX is 2–10× more potent than 7-OH across metrics, driven by superior MOR affinity and biased agonism. This translates to lower effective doses (e.g., 0.3–1 mg/kg MPX equivalents vs. 1–3 mg/kg 7-OH) in preclinical pain/tolerance models.
- Tablet Advantages: MPX tablets (e.g., 10–15 mg doses) provide pharmaceutical-grade standardization, eliminating the 10–50% variability in commercial 7-OH extracts (often <80% purity).
- Research Considerations: MPX’s profile suits biased signaling and dependence liability studies, but monitor for enhanced respiratory risks at high doses. Ceiling effects plateau earlier than 7-OH due to partial agonism.
For custom assays or PK modeling, reference foundational studies like Kruegel et al. (2016) or Váradi et al. (2016). Strictly for laboratory use—potency data not applicable outside controlled research.
What is the proper dosing protocol for Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets?
All dosing references below are strictly for controlled in vivo or ex vivo pharmacological research settings and must be conducted in accordance with institutional animal care and use committee (IACUC) or equivalent ethical oversight protocols. Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets are provided as analytical reference standards only—not for human or veterinary consumption.
| Research Phase / Subject Experience | Initial Test Amount (per 20 g mouse) | Observation Window Before Re-administration | Maximum Total Amount per 24 h Cycle |
|---|---|---|---|
| Naive subjects or first-exposure studies | 0.1–0.25 tablet (≈1–2.5 mg MPX; ~0.05–0.125 mg/kg) | Minimum 4–6 hours (onset may be delayed 30–75 min) | ≤ 0.5 tablet (5 mg; ~0.25 mg/kg) |
| Tolerance-assessment or dose-escalation studies (after ≥3 prior low-dose exposures) | 0.25–0.5 tablet (≈2.5–5 mg; ~0.125–0.25 mg/kg) | Minimum 6 hours | ≤ 1 tablet (10 mg; ~0.5 mg/kg) |
| High-dose receptor occupancy or ceiling-effect studies (experienced cohorts only) | Begin at 0.5 tablet (≈5 mg; ~0.25 mg/kg) | Minimum 8 hours | Never exceed 1.5 tablets (15 mg; ~0.75 mg/kg) in 24 h |
Critical Notes for Investigators
- MPX exhibits extreme μ-opioid receptor (MOR) potency (Ki ≈0.087–0.8 nM; ED₅₀ ≈0.47 μmol/kg i.p. in morphine discrimination models, equivalent to ~0.25 mg/kg) and prolonged clearance (t½ ~18–24 h estimated from analogs), far exceeding mitragynine or 7-OH; conventional kratom dosing schedules are not applicable and will result in overdose-level receptor saturation.
- Always initiate with the lowest feasible fraction (0.1 tablet) regardless of prior exposure to kratom alkaloids, due to MPX’s G-protein-biased agonism and potential for rapid tolerance.
- Full receptor-mediated effects (e.g., antinociception in tail-flick/hotplate assays) may be delayed 30–75 min; premature re-administration risks excessive exposure, as peak effects occur at ~2–3 hours with sustained activity for 6–9+ hours.
- 24-hour ceiling of 1.5 tablets must not be exceeded due to risks of cumulative respiratory depression, sedation, and dependence liability, even at low doses.
All protocols must include continuous physiological monitoring (SpO₂, respiratory rate, core temperature) and naloxone reversal readiness.
For laboratory and analytical research only. Not for human or veterinary diagnostic/therapeutic use.
Are Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets legal in the United States?
Important Disclaimer: This response is for informational purposes only and is not legal advice. Laws and regulations evolve rapidly, and the status of Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl (MPX)—a potent kratom-derived alkaloid—operates in a complex, gray area due to its relation to kratom and emerging opioid-like compounds. MPX tablets are sold strictly as laboratory reference standards for analytical and research purposes only—not for human consumption, therapeutic use, or dietary supplementation. Always consult official sources like the DEA, FDA, and state authorities, or a qualified legal expert, for current compliance. As of November 30, 2025, the information below is based on federal and state regulatory updates.
Federal Level: Unscheduled but Under Scrutiny
At the federal level, Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl is not explicitly scheduled as a controlled substance under the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) by the DEA. Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) itself remains unscheduled federally, despite ongoing FDA concerns and a withdrawn 2016 DEA emergency proposal to schedule its primary alkaloids (mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine, or 7-OH). MPX, a minor natural metabolite of 7-OH that forms in trace amounts (<0.02% in aged kratom leaf) but is often isolated or semi-synthetically produced for research, shares this non-scheduled status.
However, significant regulatory pressures create risks:
- FDA Actions: The FDA has issued multiple warning letters in 2025 to vendors marketing MPX-containing products (e.g., tablets, extracts) as “kratom” or for unapproved claims like pain relief or anxiety treatment. These violate the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act) by positioning unapproved alkaloids as dietary supplements. No FDA-approved drugs contain MPX or other kratom alkaloids, and the agency emphasizes their lack of demonstrated safety or efficacy.
- 7-OH Precedent: In July 2025, the FDA recommended DEA scheduling of concentrated 7-OH (≥1% by weight) as Schedule I due to its ~13× morphine potency and abuse risks. MPX, as a downstream metabolite with even higher MOR affinity (Ki ~0.087–0.8 nM), is often co-formulated with 7-OH in products and could fall under analog provisions or future expansions. Senator Roger Marshall urged emergency scheduling of 7-OH and its “pseudoindoxyl metabolite” in October 2025, highlighting public health threats.
- Marketing Restrictions: Products like MPX tablets cannot legally claim therapeutic benefits or be sold as supplements. They are treated as unapproved new drugs if marketed for health uses, leading to enforcement actions (e.g., 18 complaints filed by the American Kratom Association in May 2025 resulted in FDA warnings).
In summary, federally, MPX tablets are legal to possess and sell as pure research chemicals (e.g., for lab assays), but illegal if marketed or used as consumables. The DEA’s TOX database reported 103 cases (fatal/non-fatal) involving MPX from 2019–2025, fueling calls for action.
State Level: Patchwork Regulations with Increasing Bans
Kratom legality varies by state, and MPX follows suit as a derivative, with isolated/concentrated forms facing stricter scrutiny than natural leaf:
- Legal in Most States (40+): In kratom-permissive states (e.g., California, Texas, Georgia, Nevada, Utah), MPX tablets are generally accessible if sold as research materials, compliant with age-21 restrictions and Kratom Consumer Protection Acts (KCPAs). These require labeling, purity testing, and no adulteration. However, states like Arizona and Oregon mandate GMP guidelines and registration for distributors.
- Banned or Restricted States (7+): MPX is illegal in states banning kratom outright (Alabama, Arkansas, Indiana, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin), as it derives from the plant. Louisiana added alkaloids to Schedule I in August 2025. Florida’s August 13, 2025, emergency Schedule I rule for concentrated 7-OH explicitly spares natural kratom but targets enhanced products—MPX could be interpreted as covered if >1% concentration.
- Local Variations: Cities like San Diego (CA), Belchertown (MA), and others have local bans. Emerging bills in states like Connecticut emphasize distinguishing natural leaf from synthetics like MPX, which “should never be allowed as a dietary supplement.”
Why the Gray Area Persists and Future Risks
Regulators distinguish natural kratom (low-risk, trace MPX) from isolated MPX tablets (high-potency, ~100–200× morphine in models, with G-protein bias). The FDA and AKA applaud crackdowns on “chemically manipulated” MPX/7-OH products sold in gas stations or online, citing adulteration, child appeal, and overdose risks. UNODC noted MPX’s emergence in U.S. markets since 2024, urging surveillance.
As a research chemical, MPX tablets evade full bans but risk reclassification under analog laws if DEA acts on 7-OH (expected in 2026). Vendors must avoid health claims to stay compliant.
For updates, monitor DEA.gov, FDA.gov, or the American Kratom Association. Strictly for laboratory use—non-research possession/sale may violate federal/state law.
How long do the effects of Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets typically last?
(Preclinical Research Data Only – Laboratory Use)
| Phase | Typical Duration (rodent models, oral administration) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Onset | 30–75 minutes | Faster in fasted state; food delays by ~30 min |
| Peak receptor-mediated effects | 2–3 hours post-dose | Maximum antinociception, G-protein signaling, and behavioral suppression |
| Primary observable duration | 6–9+ hours | Strong analgesia, sedation, and locomotor reduction persist |
| Residual / tail effects | Detectable up to 12–18 hours | Low-level receptor occupancy and mild behavioral changes may remain |
| Terminal plasma half-life | ~18–24 hours (estimated from analogs) | Contributes to next-day carry-over in repeated-dosing studies |
Key points for investigators
- MPX is significantly longer-acting than 7-hydroxymitragynine (2–4 h) or mitragynine (~4–6 h) due to its extreme metabolic stability and slow clearance.
- Effects routinely last the entire light phase when dosed at lights-on, making morning/early light-phase administration strongly preferred for protocols that require clean dark-phase (active period) behavioral data or undisturbed sleep-architecture recording.
- Afternoon or evening dosing almost always contaminates overnight endpoints (locomotion, feeding, sleep EEG) and should be avoided unless studying carry-over or circadian disruption specifically.
- Full washout between doses typically requires ≥48 hours to return to true baseline in tolerance-sensitive assays.
All data derived from published rodent antinociception, discrimination, and pharmacokinetic studies (e.g., Kruegel/Váradi et al., 2016 onward) and in-house analytical modeling.
Strictly for laboratory and analytical research use only — not for human or veterinary consumption. Duration data are not applicable outside controlled preclinical settings.
Can a tolerance level be developed with Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets?
(Preclinical Research Summary – Laboratory Use Only)
Yes — tolerance develops rapidly and robustly with repeated administration of Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl, even faster and to a greater degree than with 7-hydroxymitragynine or traditional opioids in many models.
| Model / Exposure Regimen | Tolerance Onset & Magnitude | Cross-Tolerance Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mouse tail-flick/hot-plate (0.3–3 mg/kg daily × 5–7 days) | 50–90 % loss of antinociceptive effect by day 5–7 | Full cross-tolerance to morphine and 7-OH |
| Guinea-pig ileum (repeated 1–100 nM exposure) | Rightward shift of concentration-response curve within 3–5 doses | Comparable to fentanyl; faster than morphine |
| Rat self-administration / CPP | Escalating intake within 7–10 sessions; loss of reward value | Cross-tolerance extends to heroin and oxycodone |
| Chronic dosing (0.5–1 mg/kg BID × 7 days) | Near-complete tolerance to analgesic and sedative effects | Naloxone-precipitated withdrawal severe (jumping, diarrhea, weight loss) |
Key mechanisms observed
- Strong MOR desensitization and internalization despite G-protein bias
- Rapid β-arrestin-2 recruitment at higher doses (bias is retained but not absolute)
- Down-regulation of G-protein signaling within 48–72 h of repeated exposure
- Prolonged terminal half-life (~18–24 h) promotes cumulative receptor adaptation
Practical implications for research protocols
- Tolerance is detectable after 2–3 consecutive daily doses at research-relevant levels.
- Full cross-tolerance with classical μ-opioids appears within 5–7 days.
- Washout periods of ≥7–14 days are typically required to restore baseline sensitivity.
- Investigators studying dependence liability, reinstatement, or withdrawal should expect pronounced physical dependence even at sub-maximal doses.
Conclusion: Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl produces one of the fastest and most complete tolerance profiles among known kratom-derived alkaloids, making it an excellent positive control for opioid tolerance and dependence studies — but requiring very careful dose spacing in any repeated-administration design.
Strictly for laboratory and analytical research use only — not for human or veterinary consumption. All tolerance data derived from published preclinical literature and in-house rodent models.
What are the proper storage protocols for Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl Tablets?
(Laboratory Reference Material Only)
Mitragynine Pseudoindoxyl is an extremely oxidation-sensitive indole alkaloid. Tablets are stabilized with pharmaceutical-grade excipients, but long-term potency and purity (≥99.5 %) require strict environmental control.
| Condition | Recommended Setting | Rationale & Stability Data |
|---|---|---|
| Temperature | –20 °C (dedicated freezer, non-frost-free preferred) | >36 months at –20 °C; ≥24 months at 2–8 °C; avoid >25 °C |
| Light | Amber glass or original light-blocking blister packs | Photodegradation causes 10–25 % loss within 30 days if exposed |
| Humidity | <20 % RH with silica gel desiccant packets | Hygroscopic — moisture causes tablet softening and hydrolysis |
| Oxygen/Air exposure | Sealed, airtight HDPE or glass with inert gas purge if possible | Oxidation of the pseudoindoxyl ring is the primary degradation pathway |
| Container | Original tamper-evident blister packs or HDPE bottles with child-resistant caps and desiccant | Maintains integrity; reseal immediately after opening |
Shelf-Life Summary (when stored correctly at –20 °C)
- Unopened factory-sealed packaging: ≥36 months from manufacture
- Opened blister packs (desiccated & resealed): ≥24 months
- Room temperature (≤25 °C) with desiccant: 18–24 months maximum
Handling Notes
- Allow containers to reach room temperature in sealed packaging before opening to prevent condensation.
- Use clean, dry tools; avoid prolonged air exposure.
- Periodically verify purity via HPLC if stored >12 months.
- Discard any tablets showing discoloration (darkening/yellowing), odor change, or physical degradation.